2020年8月11日
Economic sanctions從來是古典政治,不是干涉他國內政,而乾脆是一國的內政,古典史家及當代論者愛以Megarian Decree為經典源頭,那些年雅典君臨天下,與鄰城Megara交惡,遂下令禁止Megarian在雅典帝國內的港口和市場做買賣,但那decree到底還是在境內生效而已。據說,這制裁牽出了不久後爆發的Peloponnesian War,可是Thucydides不如此想,他在其巨構History of Peloponnesian War中的論斷是:「For the truest reason...I consider to have been, that the Athenians, by becoming great, and causing alarm to Lacedaemonians, compelled them to hostilities.」(H. Dale英譯)那時代Megarian是倒向Lacedaemonians一邊的,既是雅典敵人的朋友,自也是雅典敵人無疑了,遂制之裁之。
制裁是內政,也是外交與國家安全。近年研究economic sanctions的理論人物,大大有名的必然是牛津諸聖學院的Cecile Fabre教授(利申:伊人從前是我的論文導師,但我不學無術,跟伊人無涉),她在Economic Statecraft中說得簡潔:「Economic sanctions, thus, interfere in economic relationships between consenting economic parties for the sake of bringing about foreign policy goals.」
大家應細讀Trump Trump7月14日的行政命令,其開端處已言明:「(PRC's undermining Hong Kong's autonomy) constitutes an unusual and extraordinary threat...to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States. I hereby declare a national emergency with respect to that threat.」
總統先生提的只是美利堅利益。
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